More than a million Americans suffer heart attacks each year. Heart attack or myocardial infarction - irreversible damage to the heart muscle. "Myo" means muscle, "Card" refers to the heart, "a heart attack" means death of tissue due to lack of blood supply.
What happens during a heart attack?
Heart muscle requires a continuous supply of blood rich in oxygen to power. The coronary arteries provide the heart of a significant amount of blood. If you have coronary artery disease, the arteries become narrowed and blood can not move them properly. Fatty substances, calcium, proteins and inflammatory cells accumulate within the artery and form plaques of various sizes. These plaques are hard on the outside but soft and porous inside.
If the plaque is very hard, outer shell cracks (plaque rupture), platelets (disc-shaped particles in the blood responsible for blood clotting) come to this area, and around the plaque build up blood clots. If blood clots totally block the artery, the heart muscle begins to lack oxygen. Within a short period of time, cardiac muscle cells begin to die, causing irreversible damage. Here's what happens during a heart attack. In addition, a heart attack can also be caused by coronary artery spasm. During the spasm of the coronary arteries are reduced, reducing blood flow to the heart (ischemia). Spasm may occur at rest, and may even occur in people who do not have coronary artery disease. Each coronary artery supplies blood to the area of the heart muscle. The amount of damage to the heart muscle depends on the size of the field, to supply the blocked artery and the time between injury and treatment. Treatment of heart muscle begins soon after a heart attack and takes about eight weeks. Like a wound on the skin, the wound on the heart and heal the damaged area will remain a scar. But the new scar tissue does not contract. Therefore, the heart's ability to pump blood is reduced after a heart attack. The degree of reduction of the capacity depends on the size and location of the scar.
Symptoms and signs of heart attack
- Heart attack symptoms include: Discomfort, pressure, heaviness, or pain in the chest, arm or below the breastbone
- Discomfort, extending to the back, jaw, throat or arm
- The congestion in the ears, indigestion or choking feeling
- Sweating, nausea, vomiting or dizziness
- Extreme weakness, anxiety or shortness of breath
- Heart palpitations or arrhythmia
During a heart attack symptoms continue for 30 minutes or longer and do not subside with rest or nitroglycerin. Some people have a heart attack occurs without symptoms (asymptomatic myocardial infarction). Asymptomatic myocardial infarction may occur in any but the most common among people with diabetes. What should be done during a heart attack? After a heart attack, prompt treatment is necessary for the release of the blocked artery and reduce the size of the damage. At the first sign of a heart attack, call an ambulance. It is best to start treatment within 1-2 hours after the first symptoms appear. Waiting increases the damage to the heart and reduces the chance for salvation. Keep in mind that chest discomfort can be described many ways. They can occur in the chest or arms, back, jaw. Please note, if you experience these symptoms. These are warning signals of heart disease. Urgently seek medical advice.
What treatment is used in heart attack?
After the diagnosis of a heart attack, treatment begins immediately, perhaps in an ambulance or emergency room. For the treatment of heart attack used drugs and surgery.
How to prevent an attack in the future?
After a heart attack, the goal is to maintain a healthy heart and reduce the risk of another heart attack. The best way to prevent further attacks is taking medication, lifestyle changes and regular doctor's tricks.
Contact your doctor sooner if you experience symptoms such as chest pain that occurs more often in strength increases, lasts longer, or spreads to other areas, shortness of breath, especially at rest, dizziness.
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